मधुर यादें

हर रोज सबेरा हंसता है
और शाम सदा मुस्काती है
जीवन तट पर अब खड़े हुए
कुछ मधुर याद आ जाती हैं

परदादी का गा गाकर
मुझे खिलाना
कभी बुलाना चंदा मामा.
ननिहाल की उस महरी का
बार बार सभलायक कहना.
फिर दादा की पीठ सवारी
फिर उनकी बांहों पर सोना.
फिर आते कुछ दृश्य मधुरत्तम
बिद्यालय के गलियारे में
एक किसी के दिख जाने की
आशा करना और दिख जाना
कितनी कोमल आकाक्षाएं थी
कितने बालसुलभ सपने थे.
जब कोई पास न होता है
बर्षों पहले की यादों में
अच्छा लगता है खो जाना
फिर कुछ यादें भी ऐसी हैं
जो शाम सबेरे आ आकर
जीते जाने को कहतीं है.

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Oct 31, 1984-As I remember

I vividly remember the darkest day of modern India. I was in corporate project planning and was responsible for deciding the equipment and machinery for the two new plants that Hindustan Motors was setting with collaboration of Isuzu Motors for manufacturing transmission and engine for ‘Contessa’ at Pithampur near Indore and for manufacturing the Isuzu trucks at Halol near Vadodara. I was to leave for Tokyo to visit JIMTOF, the machine tools fair. Yamuna was away to Birlapur some 40 km away with my aunty to join my aunty in Chhath puja. But she returned in time to accompany me to airport. JPN, one of my acquaintances, who worked in the plant at Hind Motors, was with us in the car carrying me to the Dum Dum airport. All my three sons had bunked their classes of their Calcutta based school to watch some cricket match on TV at home. I complained to Yamuna about their decision, but perhaps the destiny had us from a nightmare. Very while driving towards the airport, we started getting obstructions on various roads but the driver was knowledgeable of various alternative routes. We could reach Dum Dum well in time. I went for my immigration and then security and Yamuna went to terrace to see my flight taking off. As soon as I came to know of the Indira’s assassination and the troubles all over the country inside the emigration area, I tried to come out and ask Yamuna to return immediately to Hind Motors. But I failed to find her or JPN. I was morose but could do anything. That was not the ‘cell-phones’ era. In the plane, I met Ajoy das of Machine Tools India, who gave some information. In Bangkok Airport’s business lounge, we could get the news about Indira’s assassination by her body guards and the riots all over the country.

Only after reaching Tokyo, I could contact Yamuna and got the details. Yamuna had to face a lot of trouble, but could get Mukherji in the airport who had come to see off some foreigner. Mukherji took her to his house which was near the airport. Yamuna as she narrated later got special attention from the Mukherji family. Next day, my brother-in-law took the factory ambulance and fetched Yamuna from Mukherji’s house. Calcutta was in chaos. Congress volunteers had called strikes and there were riots also in some areas.

Yamuna had seen Rajiv and Pranab Mukherji taking the plane to Delhi. It was an end of Indira Era. India can always take pride has not seen such a brave lady.

The day was a shameful one for all. How can one whole community be made responsible for the two treacherous villains just as they belong to the community? I wish it’s never repeated.

Many have written about the day. I dared to write my own experience. I don’t know how I would have acted or reacted if the kids would have gone to Calcutta and I would have been in Hind Motor with Yamuna in Calcutta.

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Gandhi: Did You Answer Everything?

Pravat Pandeyji from Kolkata sent me the letter that goes as follows:

Appended is an excerpt from the article ‘In the name of the Mahatma …’ written by Santosh Desai and published in Times of India of 21.10.2009 –

In an interview, Arun Gandhi, Mahatma Gandhi’s grandson, reportedly told this story about his grandfather.

One day when he was coming back from school, he threw away a small pencil that had almost been used up and asked his grandfather for a new one. Instead of giving him one, Gandhi asked him a lot of searching questions. He wanted to know how the pencil became small, where he threw it away and finally asked him – to his utter disbelief – to go out and look for it in the dark, equipping him with a flashlight. After two hours, the pencil stub was found and the Mahatma was satisfied.

His point to his grandson – throwing away natural resources was tantamount to violence against nature and over-consuming resources when there are so many deprived people in the world, violence against humanity.

I thought sharing this with you.
I think you would love thinking over the story.
I hope you will not hesitate sharing your thoughts with me.

I replied as follows:

For health reasons, I didn’t respond to your mail in time. Mahatma was different quite unlike many others among the Indian leaders. He was disciplinarian. I don’t think what Mahatma did with his grand child was absolutely right. Many a times it doesn’t build the expected values in the child. Sometimes, it is taken even in negative by a child. I think that was the reason of the rebellion of one of his sons.

I was myself a disciplinarian with my children in their school days. But now I feel that was not right on my part. I would have been softer.

Perhaps Mahatma would not have made the child search the small pencil butt in darkness of the night. He could have got the same result with a good conversation with him.

His grand child will be the best to tell if he did require that unpleasant task for changing his attitude to the unnecessary wastage or irresponsible work.

I hope I have put my views properly.

Thanking you for asking for my views.

PS: Why should we try to find answers for all our problems from Mahatma’s life and what he did or said? It was amazing to read Amartya Sen’s remark on Gandhi, globalization and climate problem.

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IIT Entry and Media

Somehow, every news coming from IIT is becoming one of national importance. Sibal announced the hiking of the qualifying marks of the examination of class XII for being allowed for IIT-JEE. The protests from CMs and political leaders such as Mayawati and Lalu made Sibal withdraw his proposal.

Sibal did also wish to have a common board for all states. Many and I too will back Sibal. Why should each state have a board of its own not only for secondary and higher secondary education, but also separate agencies for the control of admission examinations for engineering and management institutes. The states are trying to have hold on the education so that the interests of local politicians get served. It adds only to corruption in education sector and no way helps the student community. Only with one common curricula and examination can eliminate the differential in standards of students from various boards. Only in that case, the IIT-JEE can be based on the same curricula and will be justifying for the students completing class XII from anywhere in the country.

As reported, Sibal wishes to discourage the coaching industry. I don’t know if the faculty and IITs are interested in getting coaching industry eliminated. As I understand many former IITians are running the coaching institutes. We had an open examination system in IIT, Kharagpur. The students were allowed to carry all books and notes. I have seen many carrying huge lots of those books, but that hardly helped them. Only those who understood the subject that was taught did well. Why the faculty of IITs, who set the papers, can’t innovate the way of examination and devising questions on the subjects in a manner that make coaching defunct?

Is it not surprising that some teachers in some of these coaching institutes make even Rs 2 crore a year? Does the coaching only make the understanding of the subjects among the students better that the normal teaching in the schools does because of the poor quality in teaching? If the teachers of coaching institutes can teach the subjects to succeed in IIT-JEE, why can’t the teachers of the schools?

And here is the news related to RTI about the score in entrance examination IIT-JEE: “IITs find novel way to block transparency. It will provide RTI data as hard copy, which would run to thousands of pages, not on CDs. According to IIT Guwahati director, it’s to prevent misuse of electronic data.”

Why can’t the score of each candidate be placed on IIT’s IIT-JEE site? Why should it be kept secret? I am sure the IIT system doesn’t wish to manipulate anything in selection of the successful students.

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परम पिता से एक शिकायत

हे परम पिता !
जीवन की आपाधापी में
दुःख सुख चाहे जो हम पायें
सह लेंगे सब तेरे बल पर.
मन श्रांत ब्यथित होकर
पर जब
सो जाये करे बिश्राम जरा
तुम सपनों से ना तंग करो
और दुखित हमे कुछ और करो.
सपने गर नहीं रोक सकते
तो कम से कम
तुम उनको मीठे हीं कर दो
जीने का तुम कुछ रस दे दो
सपनों का दुःख तो तुम हर लो.
सपनों में सब चाहत दे दो
कुछ क्षण हम को जी लेने दो .
गर व्यवसायिक हो बात करें
कुछ भी तो नहीं नुकशान तुम्हें.
इसलिए इसे स्वीकार करो
न मेरी नींद ख़राब करो,

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India through Foreigners’ Eyes

Last week I happen to read reviews of two new books written by foreigners. One made me morose. The other one was exciting.

I further went through an interview published in Outlook by Internationally acclaimed Sanskrit scholar and author Wendy Doniger who has writen a 780-page book, ‘The Hindus: An Alternative History’. I quote some from the interview:

Is it in Valmiki’s version that Rama thinks his father, Dasaratha, is a sex-addict?
Lakshman is the one who actually says it. He says the king is hopelessly attached to sensual objects. But Rama himself says (at 2.47.8) that the king is kama-atma, entirely consumed by kama.

You also suggest that because Rama is afraid of turning into a sex addict like his father, he throws Sita out after enjoying sex with her?
You have a chapter in Valmiki’s Ramayana where Rama was so happy with Sita, they drank wine together, they were alone, enjoying themselves in every way, indulging in various ways, not just the sexual act. And in the very next chapter he says I’ve got to throw you out. So I’m suggesting: what is the connection between those two things? And what does it mean that Rama knows that Dasaratha, his father, disgraced himself because of his attachment to his young and beautiful wife. So I’m taking pieces of the Ramayana and putting them together and saying these are not disconnected.

So you are saying his fear of following in his father’s footsteps is making him betray his own sexuality?
Yes, I am. Or even of being perceived that way. Remember he keeps repeating: “People will say….” Maybe he knows that his love for Sita is much purer than Dasaratha’s love for Kaikeyi. But even so, he is afraid that people who noticed Dasaratha’s love for Ram will say that like his father, he too is keeping a woman he should not because he’s so crazy about her. So he fears public opinion will connect him with his father. Yes, I think that’s there — but it’s not the only thing there is in the Ramayana. It’s just something others haven’t pointed out, so I thought I’d better point it out.

It is a sexy interview and may be in line with Western way of expressing one’s view about the character of any person at whatever high social status he might be. It’s unIndian. I don’t say which the right way is. Perhaps each way is right in right place.

I read Tulsidas’ Ramcharitmanas everyday for many years. I have gone through the Hindi version of Valmiki Ramayan too published by Gita Press. In my childhood, Radhesyam Ramayan was my favourite. I had gone through some books published by Sahitya Akademi detailing different versions of Ramayanas from different countries. I have also read perhaps the best book on Ramayan written by Father Camille Bulcke‘s ‘Ram Katha Ki Utapati’. Ram’s story or Ramayan evolved over years or rather centuries. Perhaps, Valmiki was the first to get into epic. The character of Ram made many thinkers write on it over centuries. And each author, be it Kalidas, Bhavbhuti, Tulsidas, Keshav, and even Maithilisaran Gupta wrote it emphasizing the aspects and character as they perceived and as they wished. The story of Ram got into early Buddhists and Jain literature too with many variations. And with time it went to almost every country of south-east Asia and took shapes with some local twists.

Over the period Ram became the Almighty and highly revered for a large section of Indians to get into their temples, hearts and minds. And many will not like to hear or read these sexy remarks and may go to any extent to oppose it. Persons such as Wendy Doniger must respect the feelings of the people who are today huge in number though not very well educated and affluent as westerners. I hardly find anything new or a real research in her views. She has all the right on earth to say what she has done as I have the right to be morose and feel sympathetic about her. I strongly believe persons such as Wendy Doniger read each of the books on Ram separating it from the other. And that will be the right way. Ram may not be a historical person, but perhaps unique to continue being the hero of many authors for centuries that itself makes him respectable.

However, I went through the review of William Dalrymple’s compelling new book, Nine Lives. William Dalrymple is an acclaimed travel writer, historian and observer of this country for the past 25 years. In this book, he delves into the lives of nine seemingly ordinary but remarkable individuals. The stories are simple but touching. He understands and appreciates the inner feelings of simple Indians so well that only few great Indian authors can do.

Unfortunately, Wendy Doniger has gone sexy to maket her so-called alternative history, but in process has hurt the feelings of many unnecessarily. It is a violence of a sort.
—-
PS If you wish to read another good review of the book, it is here.

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Leftists Concern: Suffering or Shining India

Sitaram Yachuri, the most popular and vocal face of CPM, sheds tears about the poor rating of India on HDI and some other reports in a column in Hindustan Times that perhaps he patronises.

HDI: Per capita income, adjusted to purchasing power parity, declined from $3,452 to $2,753 from last year. Life expectancy at birth declined from 63.7 years to 63.4 years. The combined gross enrollment ratio in schools declined from 63.8 per cent to 61 per cent. Of the 100 students that enter Class 1, only 31 reach Class 10. Of these, only around 16 pass Class 12. Of these, only about nine enter the portals of higher education.

India’s HDI, which stood at 0.427 in 1980, is now marginally higher, after nearly three decades, at 0.612. HDR 2009 shows that 41.6 per cent of our people live on less than $1.25 a day and 75.6 per cent live on less than $2 a day. This latter figure, in purchasing power parity terms, confirms the findings of the prime minister-appointed Arjun Sengupta Report that 77 per cent of Indians survive on less than Rs 20 a day.

India is six rungs lower than its ranking on per capita income based on purchasing power parity. The benefits of higher growth have only been confined to a few and have not contributed to the rise in the overall quality of life for the vast masses of our people.

‘Save the Children‘ report‘: One-fifth of the children dying in the world are Indian. A total of 2 million die before their fifth birthday. One child dies every 15 seconds due to neo-natal diseases. More than 4, 00,000 new-borns die every year within a day of birth. One in three malnourished children worldwide is Indian, while 46 per cent of our children are underweight.

Yachuri is very good at providing the figures that shock and shame every Indian. But it’s unfortunate that he hardly plays a role that he can very much can in improving the conditions. He is one of the top few in CPM politburo. The party controls and runs three states-West Bengal, Tripura and Kerala for many years. Unfortunately, it could do better and prove its model of development in at least the first two states where it is having uninterrupted runs. If it would have done better on effective governance, West Bengal would not have seen the menace of Naxalism even after Congress went out of power in late sixties. One can’t get anything done there without the party intermediary. It’s not only the unions in industries that have ruined development. The party is omnipresent in every sector worst being in education with all teachers under leftist banner. It will be difficult for West Bengal to recover ever because of the hard social division between the population belonging to left and others. Even if Didi, if at all, wins next time, West Bengal will take many years to get its lost glory.

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Live 100 Years

Indians talked of a 100 years age as an ideal one with four ‘ashrams‘ or stages, each of 25 years spans dedicated to a different focus. Opinions vary. According to the scriptures many lived very long lives covering thousands of years, and some even became immortal. However, at the time of independence, the average life span in India was around 45years because of various reasons and deprivations. But with independence the things changed the average has gone up and may be nearing 70 years.

Scientists and medical practitioners are busy with improving the longevity of human beings and that too keeping the capabilities of body elements young enough to lead a good life. It is interesting to read such news:

British scientists are working on regenerative therapies that could help centenarians have bodies of 50-year-olds in the future. Researchers at Leeds University will be shelling out £50 million over five years to come up with solutions to pull off “50 active years after 50” by providing pensioners with longer lasting replacement body parts. Professor John Fisher revealed the “combination of a durable cobalt-chrome metal alloy socket and a ceramic ball means the joint should easily withstand the 100 million steps that a 50-year-old can be expected to take by their 100th birthday.”

US population of persons above 100years of age is on rise. In UK, the number of people who have reached the age of 100 has broken the 10,000 barrier for the first time this September.

When I wanted to get into the information about ‘100 years of age’ through Google search, I found the number of entries at 129 million. The information covers many aspects including how to survive after 100 years of age
.
The problems before the scientists will be to make the life at that age also as useful and enjoyable to live as at younger ages.

Will the long active lives not create many social problems? Should it be a priority of the scientists when millions of people die immaturely because of many deprivations?

PS: Sixtyfive and Up Looking for Job

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Education for Employability

Unfortunately, the educational curricula in the country didn’t change to match the requirement at the targeted jobs. This gap created a huge unemployed and underemployed lot that hardly justified the expenditure incurred on education by the parents and in turn disenchanted many particularly those living in rural India. It is shocking but a fact with large number of engineers and MBAs remaining unemployed or doing some real underpaid jobs in unrelated fields. The main culprits were certainly the educational institutes that just kept the students for a period and provided a paper called degree or diploma, sometimes even sold that. As realized by many, in India unemployability has been a bigger problem than unemployment.

I got a shock again when I was told that there are about 286 engineering, 283 management colleges in UP. What sort of engineering and management skill can be expected in the graduates coming from these institutes with insufficient and hardly knowledgeable faculty employed and facilities provided in the most of them?

And as usual another set of entrepreneurs again set up institutes to provide finishing courses for employability such as skill of communication in English, or certain basic knowledge of computer operation along with some soft skills as much as for how to tuck your shirt in, and to take bath shave before interview. Teamlease is one such company manufacturing employees, and as reported, it has ready-to deploy staff of 75,000 in 700 cities and employment exchanges in 10 states. And a majority of graduates in any subject including humanities could be made acceptable to the employers in many service sectors such as hospitality, telecom, and retails in demanding job market. Many social entrepreneurs also have appeared to improve the employability among the graduates. I wish the thrust would have gone to the roots of the education process at the school and college level.

Some companies such as NIIT provide training for IT and BPO sectors by building in the skill required among all types of graduates in science and technology from all sorts of institutes. As its CEO says, “the opportunity around employability is huge. A hundred such NIITs can exist.” According to an estimate of 2008, IT-training is $1.8 billion market with a growth rate of 40%.

And then companies such as Infosys and few other major players in IT sector have created a huge in-house training setup to train the graduates from second and third tier institutes to bring them up to the needs of the company. Through its Campus Connect initiative Infosys has reached to more than 500 engineering colleges benefitting 3,000 faculty members and about 58,000 students. The main focus is on enhancing the industry readiness of the students. Infosys in the process has set up the largest training centre in the world. It reminds of GM Technical Centre in US that later on became full-fledged institute. I wonder one day the Infosys centre may turn into a university creating employees and trainers for the IT sector. With only about 1 percent students from the top engineering colleges such as IITs, the task to make most of them employable is stupendous and will require many Infosys like initiatives. Similarly some like Nishant Saxena’s Elements Akademia are focusing on increasing employability of MBAs from B-schools outside the top 100.

However, the main thrust must be on improving the employability at the institute level itself, and if necessary the regulators must make an effective industry- academia initiative mandatory to bridge the gap between the requirement of the industry and the education that the institutes provide. And the government must encourage industry’s active involvement and even participation with the engineering colleges and B-schools, as it stands today.

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Education: Skill Gap, a Problem or Solution?

I am firm believer that India could meet the challenge of Naxalites or Maoists only through quality universal education and good skill training. Can some sociologists do a quick research by asking the young men and women of the country if they wish to get training with guns or on computers and machine/hand tools?

Only 11% of young persons passing class XII go to universities and other institutes for higher education. Can the country train the rest in building some skills that can make them employable in the country or abroad? According to an estimate, by 2020 the world will have a shortage of 46 million working people while India will have a surplus of 47 million working people. And today the persons with skills are in demand all over the world.

The government is alive to the needs. Private sectors are also aware of the challenge that is the sure way to the national priority to insure inclusive growth. There are many companies such as Bosch who are helping in skill building. NGOs and social entrepreneurs are also participating.

Prahalad in his mission ‘India@75’ set a target of 500 million trained manpower in India by 2022. The government accepted his target. And the action plan has started. For example, the National Skills Development Corporation (NSDC), a 51:49 public-private partnership, is mandated to skill 30 per cent of an overall target of 500 million people by 2022.

This is to answer an estimate that 80 per cent of 12-18 million new entrants to India’s workforce every year have very little opportunity for skills training. The current vocational training infrastructure caters to just about 2.5 million per year.

Many like me have been advocating that every child coming out of school after Class XII examination must be having at least one skill that can help him in getting employed usefully in life, if required.
I say so as the requirement of skill are pretty traditional: farmers, cooks, hairdressers and beauticians, electricians, plumbers, carpenters, masons, drivers for cars, commercial vehicles including some such as forklifts, and harvesters and other agriculture equipment or tractors. However, with level of technogies going fast, the skill level demanded is also getting higher. A plumber or electrician today must know much more.

For many service sectors too such as retail front-end selling and merchandising, pathology lab technicians, healthcare equipment technicians, administrative and secretarial functions, tourism guides, fitness instructors, and many tasks, the education can have special skill building courses as elective subjects at school level. The skill imparted at institute level may be only the basic, but the institute builds a capability in its student to learn further easily on the job. And the Union government is trying to follow the route with a promise of spending Rs31, 000 crore on skills development through vocationalization of secondary education.

Unfortunately, less than 6 per cent of the country’s huge number of persons joining the workforce receives any form of vocational training. India needs to expand vocational training from the present capacity of a mere two to three million to at least 15 million new entrants to the labour force.

As reported, the government has committed to set up 1,500 ITIs and 50,000 Skill Development Centres in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan. Presently, vocational training in India comprises about 5,500 industrial training institutes and about 1,750 polytechnics. China has over 500,000 such institutes. India offers about 175 trade-training programs. The US offers over 1,500 trade-training programmes. So India is to go miles in vocational training.

India will have to go innovative, may be through informal route.

India must go for capacity increase of the vocational training institutes, as it produces six million students every year. I doubt this figure. Even if it is correct, that’s pretty low considering that an estimated 88.5 million people in the 15-29 age group need such training. The quality of the training imparted at these institutes must improve, as according to the industry, less than half of the six million people who have received vocational training are in the employable category.

In the next five years, with a projected average GDP growth of over 7 per cent, India will have the potential to create an additional 75-80 million jobs and of these, almost 75 per cent will require vocational training. Over 31 per cent of employers worldwide are looking for finding qualified and trained manpower, especially those in manual trades.

Can India take the route to prosperity through skill development of its workforce?

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