Poverty Alleviation through Recounting

According to the FAO 2008 report, ‘India accounted for 252 million of the 873 million under-nourished people all over the globe in the period 2004-2006. That’s almost 30% of the world’s undernourished population, a share larger than sub-Saharan Africa and twice China’s. More worryingly, the population of the undernourished has increased significantly. India had 210 million undernourished people at the beginning of the 1990s.’

And even under such a dismal situation, the government has been busy in researching about a right estimate of the population below the poverty line (BPL) and a definition of BPL. Arjun Sengupta, Tendulkar, Saxena or World Bank all have provided a different of the percentage of the Indian population living below poverty line. The latest that came from Suresh Tendulkar last week is 37.2 per cent that may sound a lot less pessimistic than the 78 per cent figure of Indians living on less than Rs 20 per day put out by Arjun Sengupta. NC Saxena put the figure at around 50 per cent some months ago. And at 42 per cent, the World Bank has yet another number! But are the figures reliable? Is this not shocking?

And the governments of the states’ level have are busy only in contesting the number. They will be happy if it reaches more than 100 Percent, as it will mean more for the men who matter in the ruling party. Some wish to keep the affected people busy in emotional issues, be it a separate state or the neglect of the local language. One Chief Minister hopes to do that by erecting statues of dalit icons.

Some of the governments are taking some concrete steps too but halfheartedly and ineffectively. Some companies are also trying to reach rural India and assist the people there. But even the successful model such as e-Choupal gets hardly any special support from the government to expand it all throughout the country.

The solutions of this national problem are known but the sincerity to solve lacks.

The farmers need the facilities of irrigation, without which India can’t improve its food production significantly. It is clear from the data. In India, 56 per cent of food grains are produced from 47 million hectares of irrigated land while the rest 44 per cent comes from 95 million hectares of rain-dependent land. Thus, the irrigated land is about two-and-a-half times as productive as land dependent on rain. An adequate irrigation itself can boost production that is desired. But this is not the top priority of the governments.

The public distribution system needs is to be effective but over the years there has been any sincere effort to make it fool-proof and transparent, though since Rajiv day the figures appear about the percentage actually reaching to the beneficiaries. Now everyone is looking to Nandan Nilekani to provide the solution with his smart card.

The marginal farmers need independence from the middle men and traders for getting the best price of their produce, but the government has hesitated to take some concrete steps. A report appearing in media about the recent inflation of the vegetables tells the same story that I have been writing for months.If cauliflower, for instance, is being sold by dealers at Rs 5 a kg at the mandi, by the time it travels a few miles to the vendor its price is Rs 20-25 a kg. The poor farmer gets just Rs 3 from dealers at the mandi, despite his toil and risks.

With the most innovative minds in trade and bureaucracy that find or help a way to unscrupulous lot to corrupt any system, can there be a hope?

Unfortunately, the states can afford demanding higher and higher number of BPL figures. The people must also demand from their leaders a time frame for eradicating the poverty by creating more employment with education, skill training, population control, project implementation and industrialization, particularly bringing in the manufacturing. They must not believe and listen to their political excuses.

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Contagious Corruption

Invariably every day in morning walk, the discussions of the veterans converge pretty soon on the corruption in the system. For some time in past weeks, the main headlines went to Madhu Koda who had become the chief minister of Jharkhand by default. As reported, Koda siphoned some Rs 4000 crore. The police finally have arrested Madhu Koda, 38, on the instruction of India’s Enforcement Directorate which investigates economic crimes.

The other recent important corruption news relates to Karnataka High Court Chief Justice P.D. Dinakaran. The process of impeachment has started against him. As reported, Justice Dinakaran has grabbed land and accumulated wealth beyond known sources of income during his tenure as judge of the Madras High Court. Dinakaran has decided not to hold court sittings till he is cleared.What can be the future of justice in India if even delay gets a price.

One of the two most important factors affecting India’s future growth, according to the survey by the London based think tank Legatum Institute is the contagious corruption.India has earned notoriety for its widespread corruption, and its rating is dismal among the countries of the world. In another story reported last week in Kolkata Telegraph, the CBI arrested a senior scientist of the Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research for allegedly accepting a bribe of Rs 75,000 from the representative of a Calcutta-based mines safety equipment manufacturing company. And almost every other day, one read some news related to corruption and also some survey report that reveals how contagious corruption has become.

Estimates by Outlook magazine suggest that the total amount swindled by politicians, bureaucrats and private companies since 1992 is around Rs 73 lakh crore. And by now India According to another report, a staggering 300 Bihar government employees earning modest government salaries are crorepatis. Surprisingly enough, all but two of the sleazy 300 continue to hold on to their secure as also, no doubt, lucrative – government jobs despite long stints in jails.

I feel morose when some friends in the morning naturally with their experiences from government jobs feel that the corruption today is not the issue of any consequence today. Some even opine that corruption has become the built in lubricating feature of the system without which the machinery will cease to work.

I have been concerned only because the society at large hardly reacts against it though it is getting contagious. Almost everyone who gets opportunity goes for it without hesitation. Perhaps for many, corruption is becoming essential to live with equity and respect. Otherwise the poor scientist would not have hankered for it. And the Chief Justice would not have been taking shelter against his identity related to his birth in deprived class.

But I have different question: Why are the person or the company offering the bribe not severely punished? Are the people trying to buy the vulnerables not the real culprits? Are they not exposed and excused as they are from the most powerful section of the society? When can be an equally severe punishment given to those real culprits? Can some effective voices will support my viewpoint?

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Dham Yatra and Thereafter

According to a tradition, after a Dham Yatra one must give up one thing that the person used to like. What should I give up? With the loss of my camera, why should I not stop photography to which I had been madly attached to for many years even after losing cameras many a times? After all why should not I give up this? What’s worth? With thousands of photographs in albums and now flicker, I hardly ever look into them. I don’t think anyone else does that. After all I have not become that big a celebrity whose photographs are sought after by many.

The wish and eagerness to get photographed is pretty old. It started perhaps when I came to Birlapur with my grandfather for schooling. Even he loved to be photographed. It got satisfied to professional ones or through the courtesy of friends for many years before I went to UK in 1966 and bought my box camera Yasica from Geneva.

During IIT days my friend GL Makhija took a number of my photographs and in the early days of Hind Motors, it was OP Khanna who got many of my photographs. During my Jaipur visit and the first visit to Agra it was one Chander Prakash who had photographed me.

But then started my official visits to Japan in 1982 and I kept on buying cameras though mostly auto focus ones and kept on clicking. It remained quite a costly hobby with development of films and printing costing a lot.

It was Anand who got me introduced to the digital camera first. It took away the hassle of development and printing. It became an essential item when Anand got me in to the writing my blogs. Last one that I lost had a capacity to hold some 1000 frames. I felt bad when I lost it in the bus that brought us from Thirumala to Tirupati on December 1, 2009. I thought I shall be able to trace back with the help of the officers and guide of Tamil Nadu Tourism who had arranged the visit and the grace of Balaji. But perhaps I am hoping against the hope and I must forget about that. Then why should not I stop photography all together? Perhaps I can manage without it now at this age of 70+.

Let the photography be one thing that I shun after the completion of Char Dhams in the process of gradually detaching myself from the worldly things.

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Tamil Nadu Tour: The Group

We were 29 tourists in the bus. We travelled across the enchanting Tamil Nadu from Chennai right up to Kanniyakumari and back. We moved together, visited the places of interest, be it temples or market, dined and stayed together in Tamil Nadu Tourism Hotels for ten nights.

A poorly-paid but very co-operative guide Chnadrasekaran accompanied us and was always ready to help for everything we wanted. He arranged all temple visits that are really messy with greedy priests. Some thought Chandrasekaran operates though some who pay some commission. Similar was the views whenever he took us to some shops at Madurai, Kancheepuram, or Chennai. Madurai is his home town. His working wife and younger daughter came to meet him. The young girl wishes to be an engineer. Her elder sister is also in engineering college.

The oldest man in the group was an 87 years army man, widower for last 32 years but very fit and fast. He was always the first in everything. The youngest was Dr. E Mittal at 39 who accompanied her parents. UKMittal, an engineer from Roorkee had passed out in 1960, one year ahead of me but still is at 66, and after serving whole life in SAIL still works with Jindal’s steel company. GK Pandey was another person who drew my attention. Pandey is a senior officer in defence. He is knowledgeable and a booklover. An undersecretary was also part of the group whose wife hardly joins his frequent outings. And how can we forget three extra exuberant sisters in the group who were accompanied by the husband of one sister who was a PH.D in history and a teacher in a Faridabad school? Husband was connected to the hospitality sector and is now consultant.

The group truly represented the aspiring Indian middle class. They have all worked hard in life or are still working. They have attained whatever they wanted. They provided good education to their children and have got them settled. They have built houses and created some wealth that can sustain them in their retirement. They are financially sound to live well. They don’t look towards their children for supporting them. Some of them such as Dixits and Chaudhrys are have their children abroad and they go and live with them quite frequently. But the best was the story that Gaur told me. Gaur retired as electrical foreman from IIT, New Delhi. His son who is now in USA had married an American girl. It reminded me of Anand. Every member of the group has a unique story of his own. It all excited me.

Here is a new India.

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Tamil Nadu Tourism: Some Suggestions

We undertook its ‘10-days rail-cum-road tour’ starting November 21, 2009 from New Delhi and returning here on December 4. Most of the co-passengers were from and around Delhi. With some improvements, the tour could have been a memorable one for the rest of the life. Here are some suggestions. I wish Tamil Tourism takes it positively and seriously and implement it.

Facilities of Internet: Though some Tamil Tourism Hotels such as one at Mamallapuram or Thanjavur were having Internet facilities, on enquiry it was found as not working. In this era and when some or the other member of every family of the tour group remain on-line, the Internet is essential to keep in touch and for sharing ideas and experiences. Why can’t a developed state such Tamil Nadu and its tourism department provide this essential communication facility for social networking in its hotels? It can always outsource the facility to a private party if it can’t maintain it on its own.

Franchise restaurants
: Some Tamil Nadu Hotel doesn’t have restaurants of its own. The worst experience was that at Tiruchirapalli. Tamil Nadu Tourism must have approved franchised restaurants or hotels on the way that must provide clean safe food for breakfast, lunch and tea and ensure to maintain clean toilets and washrooms for gents and ladies. It must cater at least snacks such as dosa, idli, upma, aloo paratha, and sandwitches of good quality at all time. How hotels worth any name can’t provide sandwiches in any place that the guide took us in the tour? Tamil Nadu Tourism must plan and specify the name of these hotels or restaurants in the tour plan provided. It should never leave it to sweet will of the guide who can be unscrupulous to dictate and decide the restaurant.

Alternatively, the Tamil Tourism must provide packed breakfast and lunch instead of using roadside hotels that may cause food poisoning as it happened with me. And Tamil Nadu government must create restrooms on the routes of its tour plans.

Language Training: Tamil Tourism must initiate a language training programme for all its employees as well as those working in restaurants. They must be conversant with both English and Hindi. It will go a long way in improving the national integrity. But the main intention is to make the client tourists feel at home and convenience. In some places, it was really difficult to carry on. One feels miserable in his own country. Even the accompanying guide must be trained one with good knowledge of the places and its history.

Transportation: Tamil Nadu Tourism would have used its own Volvo coaches for the tour. For a journey above 3-4 hours at stretches the commonly used buses tire the passengers badly. Naturally, it’s more so for elderly persons, particularly when the tour is of more that 3-4 days period. 10 days period was too long. It was highly undesirable for Tamil Tourism to use a private company bus that had not paid its taxes and that caused the passengers to get stranded for hours. Tamil Nadu Tourism would have checked all its documents well in time. Further, we had to change to Volvo coach while going from Kanchipuram to Tirupathi, as the bus had not paid Andhra Pradesh tax.

Tour Design: This tour must have an additional rest day at Kodaikanal dropping Tirchy all together. Sightseeing such as Bryant’s Park and the poorly maintained Lake was unnecessary and waste of time. Even Tirupathi could have been made optional.

Finally, I wish Tamil Tourism would have arranged an evening with typical cultural programme with South Indian dance and music to make the tour enchanting in real sense.

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रामेश्वरम के अग्नितीर्थ में


है अग्नितीर्थ सागर में
यह सोच था मन हरसाया
दर्शन की आश लिए फिर
मैं जर्जर तन से आया.

यह एक अरब का भारत
अपने पापों से
तेरे जल को
काला कर देता
और पापमुक्ति की शक्ति
पर प्रश्नचिन्ह उठ जाता

फिर तट पर खड़े अकेला
एक स्वप्नलोक पा जाता
वह रूप तुम्हारा मनहर
अनंत लोक तक फैला
मन को पुलकित कर जाता

मेरी आँखों के आगे
फिर दृश्य बहूत से आते
गर रामायण सच है
फिर राम यहीं थे आये
और आकर मिले बिभीषण

हे अग्नितीर्थ,
उस दिन से कितने अरबों
को तुमने
पापों से मुक्त किया फिर
तेरे तट को कलुषित कर
क्यों लोग चले हैं जाते.
तेरे जल में डुबकी को
था मेरा मन घबराया
पर आँख बंद कर हमने
फिर पॉँच बार कर डाला.

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Traumatic Tirupathi

I do very well realize that many will not like or agree with my viewpoints related to my Tirupathi visit. However, I am 100% convinced that no religion or trust has any right to create a situation that becomes traumatic to person/s visiting a religious place with total faith and dedication in deity to get some solace. No religious ritual necessity allows any authority to create a situation when a person may feel suffocated in a waiting queue and still can’t come out. I was week, sick and felt like leaving the place and come out but there was no way out and no one from the authority to help there. Trauma of Thirumala darshan is a typical Indian case of mismanagement, even though it is a government managed temple with a senior IAS heading it.

Marketing of its power to fulfill the wishes has been excellent and the temple is known world over for its wealth and its gold. Donations of celebrities and rich men keep on hitting the headlines of media. Its annual Hundi collection must be the highest that makes it the richest temple in India.

Right on the first day, the guide of Tamil Nadu Tourism collected Rs 200 more per person from this group of Delhi. According to him, the Devasthanam has increased its entrance fee from Rs 100 to Rs 300 after we booked, and it’s for a special darshan avoiding the crowd that comes in for free.

The whole temple appears to be permanently barricaded. All the railings and enclosures for the visitors are now of well finished brass material. Anyone can see the way gold has been used or misused (as the quality of workmanship is hardly of a good standard) to make it cover it. I wonder the whole attention of the authority is on making more money from the visitors. For example, Yamuna wanted 6 extra ladoos. I had to pay Rs 450.

One can hardly appreciate the architecture and sculptures in the temple with these barricades covering the main areas for crowd management. One can hardly pray, confess, bow or see or touch even the door step of the sanctum sanctorum.

Most of the great Indian temples are under-designed to handle such a huge crowd that visits these days. Perhaps India over years have mastering the science of under-designing its facilities, be it its new multi lane highways or flyovers, railways stations or ports.

Fear of terrorists has been the reason for banning photography that makes every tourist morose. I don’t know how golden temple of Amritsar manages it and why can’t others follow it. Perhaps the Hindu shrines don’t get the right support from the community as Sikh shrines do.

Can the authority of the Thirumala shrine allow or invite some real reputed crowd management consultants to study and come out with the solution?

Right investment in some facilities with modern technology (against gold covering) in and around the temple, such as sky walks, may make the visitors enjoy the beauty and grandeur of the shrine and the visit more memorable.

Can some students of IIMs and IITs or any other institutes instead of joining political parties, be it BJP, Congress or any other, take up the study of stupendous crowd management problems at many shrines that we visited in Tamil Nadu trip? If Thirumala was the worst, Rameshwaram, and Meenakshi also need a close look.

All these Indian heritages require better attention and upkeepment. At least Thirumala shrine has so much money and cash that it can be developed on the basis and concept of swarga (Heaven).

Is someone listening? Will the Hindus priests and pandas or the politicians with eyes on the riches of the shrines allow anything better to come? And how many Hindus will go against them or support the move?

Let me tell them that the conditions at Thirumala will only make the younger Hindus that are creating the new image of India keep them distancing from the religion and these shrines.

I know the trauma of a visitor at Thirumala will continue. I shall not like to hear any news of any serious stampede and casualties at Thirumala.

My trauma at Thirumala reached its peak with the loss of my camera that had all what I collected for my acquaintances. It happened while transferring from the Andhra Pradesh state bus to Volvo coach of Tamil Nadu Tourism. It was entirely my fault. I wish Balaji can get my camera back, and I promise I shall return again to Thirupati.

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October 31, 1984: As Rakesh Remembers

In a letter to my sons with a copy of my blog entry under the heading- October 31, 1984, I had requested them to write what they remember of the day. The day was mentally torturous for the family. Here is one from Rakesh, the eldest from Danville,

I was in Narendrapur when Indira Gandhi was slain by her own bodyguards.

It was a time of utter grief and despair for a nation that had prided itself as having the Mahatma as its Father – a beacon of non-violence the world over. The irony is written all over – the Iron lady of India had Gandhi in her name too.

News were hard to come by on that day – and whatever was coming out was spotty and full of dark, sometime gory details.. This bit was clearn – Several among us.. Hindus.. had turned murderers en-masse. We had turned againt our own kind – our brothers.. and sisters – The Sikhs – at the instigation of a small, well coordinated minority of thugs and killers.. politically or otherwise motivated. Sikhs – who had through some of the toughest and brutal test of history – stood up with valor and courage to defend the pride and the Motherland of India.

Indira was no more.. India..as I knew it was to be no more..

Young, impressionable, passionate.. mercurial.. we held debates.. our college – RK Mission, Narendrapur – was closed. We had a fast and prayer session. Then.. the memory gets spottier … One memory is clear – Rajeev Ranjan galvanized us all – in 11th grade – to fast, as a mark of PROTEST.. Thinking about it .. it was most DETEST and repungance at the actions of these so-called ‘Hindu majority’ for turning against their own.. subjecting even the children and women to indignities that I heard second and third hand. It was a day of national shame, if not national calamity..

May the brave lady .. despite her blemishes .. rest in peace.. may we NEVER rest until we have wiped out the seeds of discord that made us stoop to such depths of inhumanity on that day.

Rakesh Sharma

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Mobile Phone: Liberator for Rural India

One can see the ultimate of technology competition rather war to win or survive in the business of cell phones, be it design or application. And why should not it be, if the market is so big with conversance of many technologies in just one gadget. Be it Apple, Microsoft, and Google, all have some sweet desire to lead the technologies.

Those with i-phone may be enjoying watching movies, or listening the choicest songs, and now using it also as pocket library good enough to serve the individual taste. And most of the functions are available on affordable phones with nominal prices for services. However, here I am trying to dream cell phone as the universal gadget for every Indian poor or rich in rural India that may one day bring the desired prosperity and may help in alleviating the poverty.

India reached the 500 million population of cell phones one year before the time targeted and is adding 10-15 million or more cell phones every month and most of it in rural areas. Telecom companies are busy raising towers to cover the remotest part of the country. According to Manoj Kohli, chief executive of India’s biggest mobile phone group Bharti Airtel, India could have more than one billion mobile phone users by 2015, with the bulk of that growth in rural areas.

As claimed, these small cheap gadgets will bring knowledge and through it the prosperity in many ways.

The necessity of these gadgets has forced the telecom companies and many innovators to make it possible and affordable for Indian conditions. For example, the villages without electricity that were hesitant to buy it have got over the problem of charging with innovation of a solar lamp that can now charge the cell phones.

According to a recent study, adding an extra ten mobile phones per 100 people in a typical developing country boosts growth in GDP per person by 0.8 percentage points. Should it not make Manmohan Singh and UPA-2 happier that too without any effort from their side?

Many service providers are showing up to participate in the business. For example, Reuters Market Lite, a text-based service has now 125,000 users, mostly farmers who pay 200 rupees ($4.20) for a three-month subscription, which provides them with local weather and price information four or five times a day. And the farmers pay as their profits have gone up as a result.

Tata Consultancy Services offers a service called mKrishi that allows farmers to send queries and receive personalized advice. ITC through e-Chopal and a tie-up with Nokia is also aiming for useful two way communication with farmers and experts. Nokia launched its own information service, Nokia Life Tools, this year. In addition to education and entertainment, it provides agricultural information, such as prices, weather data and farming tips that can be called up from special menus on some Nokia handsets. The basic service costs 30 rupees a month.

Another company Handygo has tied up with Airtel and may even rope in Tata indicom and Idea to provide an array of services to farmers covering weather, seed prices, fertilizer doses and best irrigation management practices and that too in 17 different local languages all on basic mobile sets.

And it will not only address the needs of farmers but provide services to around 200 million rural youths too. Mobile phones will be a learning device that will give them knowledge and information, teach them new things, even functional English and management.

As reported very truly, ‘in the grand scheme of telecoms history, mobile phones have made a bigger difference to the lives of more people, more quickly, than any previous technology. They have spread the fastest and proved the easiest and cheapest to adopt. It is now clear that the long process of connecting everyone on Earth to a global telecommunications network, which began with the invention of the telegraph in 1791, is on the verge of being completed. Mobile phones will have done more than anything else to advance the democratization of telecoms, and all the advantages that come with it.’

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Engineers vs. Managers

A recent news report in Business Standard conveyed the same message that I had been trying to propagate: “Master technology first; be a manager later“. All freshers joining Infosys will have to compulsorily stay focused on technology for the first six years of their career. Only after the period, they will have to choose to either grow vertically as a techie or take up managerial responsibilities.

I strongly believe that those selecting engineering as their profession must focus on mastering the technology and do everything to learn as much as possible to enhance the domain knowledge backed up with practical training in the industries of the relevant technologies.

I think one of the main reasons for this thrust is the gradual shift of the IT companies of the country in higher level of outsourcing works that that it aims at now. Major automobile companies have already established their shops and many have their R&D centres too. Even new customers, including automakers Renault, Volkswagen and Harley Davidson, are seeking to outsource their complex design engineering projects to India.

The engineering services outsourcing (ESO) industry in the country is set to achieve $55 billion in revenues by 2020. Indian companies are becoming outsourced providers of critical R&D in sophisticated areas such as semiconductor design, aerospace, automotive, network equipment and medical devices.

As reported, Both the Palm Pre smart phone and the Amazon Kindle, two of the hottest consumer electronics devices on the market, have key components designed in India. Intel designed its six-core Xeon processor in India .

Many startups are also focusing on innovations with huge demand in developed market too.

Under these circumstances, the quality of education as well as skill expectations mainly related to domain knowledge from the candidates will have to be higher. Degrees will be worth nothing, if the knowledge is missing.

It will require appreciation and attention from all involved. The government must encourage. The institutes and its faculty will have to compete to provide the best to its students to get selected. The companies must interact to keep the institutes abreast with the knowledge demands of the industry for entry level. Perhaps the main task for the institutes will be to get its faculty keep on upgrading their knowledge to remain relevant and contemporary to the demand of the industry, otherwise how can they prepare the students to the expectations of the industry.

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